Gothic Serpent: Black Hawk Down Mogadishu 1993 (Raid)

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The United States had demonstrated its superiority worldwide with its lightning victory over Iraq in 1991. As the only superpower in the world, few would argue that Washington could not prevail in a conventional conflict. Humanitarian missions, however, were another story. Although the United States had experience in a few humanitarian missions, it had just concluded operations in northern Iraq, and was soon to support the United Nations program to help the people in a failed state - Somalia. Somalia was falling apart; it had ceased to exist as a country. Warring tribes had reduced it into an area controlled by warlords. Clan and internecine warfighting had caused major disruption in Somali life. Starvation was a weapon used by the clans. Humanitarian aid and arrived but, without security, this support provided little help to the people. On 15 August 1992, President George H.W. Bush ordered units to airlift supplies into Kenya under Operation Provide . These supplies would enter Somalia with international organizations. Still, clans stole the aid for themselves, harassed international agencies, extorted money, and allowed starvation to continue. By 8 December, Bush ordered Marines, the US Army's 10th ain Division, and Special Forces into Somalia to help UN forces bring order. Some 13,000 American personnel became part of a security force of 38,000 from UN countries. This massive force helped stabilize Somalia, but the warring factions waited for an rtunity to reassert themselves. By October 1993, the UN security force had shrunk to 16,000, with 4,000 Americans. Two Somali warlords - Muhamed Farrah Aideed and Ali Mahdi Mohamed - had been fighting over control of the capital and main port of Mogadishu. A raid on 3 October, TF Ranger's seventh, ed at capturing high-ranking Aideed aides initially succeeded with a surprise assault in Mogadishu. While transferring the prisoners to a convoy, Aideed supporters down two Army Blackhawk helicopters. These actions resulted in heavy firefights throughout the route of evacuation and the c sites. The Rangers and others, including two Special Forces snipers who held the second c site alone, attempted to secure and rescue the downed helicopter crews. The Americans could call on helicopter ships and had heavy firepower, but against an enemy difficult to identify, in an urban setting, outnumbered, and with darkness approaching, the situation looked grim. The Rangers and Special Forces (Delta Force) fought all night. The10th ain Division, Malaysian, and Pakistani forces rescued the Rangers at the first c site the next day. At the second c site, Aideed's forces had overwhelmed the area. The two Special Forces snipers died (they received the Congressional Medal of Honor posthumously). In the end, TF Ranger lost 16 killed and 83 wounded. One person died from the column. Aideed's force lost 500-1,000 killed and unknown numbers of wounded.